Practical Journalism

References and Links: https://www.bmc.com/blogs/data-analytics-vs-data-analysis/   https://humansofdata.atlan.com/2018/09/qualitative-quantitative-data-analysis-methods/ https://www.ssc.wisc.edu/sscc/pubs/spss/classintro/spss_students1.html https://www.ibm.com/spss

 Image File Format Images are built from pixels - tiny color squares that, in great quantity, can form highly detailed images such as photographs.  The more pixels an image has, the higher quality it will be, and vice versa.  The number of pixels in an image depends on the file type: 1. Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG or JPG) 2. Portable Network Graphics (PNG)  3. Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) 4. Bitmap Image File (BMP) 5. Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) 6 Adobe Photoshop File (PSD) 7.  High-Efficiency Image File Format (HEIC) 8. Raw ( A  raw file  is a collection of unprocessed data. This means the  file  has not been altered, compressed, or manipulated in any way by the computer. . A popular type of  raw file  is " Camera  RAW  ," which is generated by a digital camera ) 9. Digital Negative (DNG) Extension    .jpg  .png  .gif  .bmp  .tiff  .psd .raw  .heic .dng Raster vs Vector. When working with digital photos, graphic design, logos, and other digital images

Browse and study the  1.  Functions 2.  Vision 3.  The Authority 4.  Divisions of the following organizations and authorities. 1. Radio Pakistan:  http://www.radio.gov.pk/ 2. Pakistan Television:   http://www.ptv.com.pk/ptvCorporate    3. Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) http://pemra.gov.pk/ 4. Frequency Allocation Board (FAB) https://fab.gov.pk/ 5. Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA)            https://www.pta.gov.pk/en 4. Radio Garden :  To have all online/Internet radio stations.   http://radio.garden/search 5. British Broadcasting Company (BBC):  https://www.bbc.com/ 6. Voice of America (VOA): https://www.voanews.com/ 7. Deutsche Welle (DW): https://www.dw.com/en/top-stories/s-9097?redirect=0 *********************************************************************************

 Interview is a    " Focused exchange of questions and answers".         It can be for : Print Media  (Newspaper, magazines, etc.) Electronic Media (Radio/TV) Social Media or New Media  Why Interview? Practicing true journalism by digging out or collecting relevant information from the relevant person on a certain topic. Interviewer : A person who asks for and conducts the interview, usually known as a host. Interviewee:   A person who answers the questions, usually known as a guest. Types of Interview   1:  Information Interview :    In this type, we usually try to get the  facts and figures  about the topic.   2:  Personality (or Portrait ) Interview :    In this kind of interview, we try to explore the  experience and life  of the interviewee, and in such an interview our interviewee is usually a celebrity, or public figure like a politician, popular Radio/TV anchor, sportsperson, educationist, etc.     3:  Opinion Interview:     We often need such interviews t

 Audio File Format  A format to store digital audio (audio recording or audio data) on a computer system . The audio coding formats may be in compressed or uncompressed formats. Uncompressed Audio Formats :   WAV: Waveform audio file format (Wave or Wav) developed by IBM and Microsoft in the late 80s. AIFF: Audio Interchange File Format developed by Apple in the late 80s. Compressed Audio Formats :  Audio compression is performed in two ways: 1. Lossy Compression 2. Lossless Compression Lossy Compressed audio formats are:  MP3 ( MPEG -1 Audio layer 3) or (MPEG - 2 Audio Layer 3) M4A ( MPEG -4 Audio) WMA (Windows Media Audio) AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) ADTS (Audio Data Transport Stream) is  a container format specified by MPEG-4 Part 3 for audio data, intended to be used for audio streaming. AMR (Adaptive Multi-Rate) OGG  Lossless Compression audio formats are:  FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec) ALAC (Apple Lossless Audio Codec) Coding : It is a device or program which  compresses  th

What is BLOG? A blog is an online communication platform just like  just like a website/webpage where we do share  TEXT, AUDIO, VIDEO and IMAGES.  Another term for blog is WEBLOG or WEB - BLOG because BLOG is a shortened version of WEB LOG . The WEB is the Internet, while BLOG means Description, Report, Version, Story, News-Explanation, Statement, Exposition or Interpretation etc. Updating your BLOG can provide daily, quality content and the Search engines like GOOGLE, YAHOO, BING, MSN, ASK etc can increase your traffic. Or we can say that The blog is an online diary, journal or informational website which displays posts or information in reverse chronological order, as the latest post appears first. How to create Blog? Watch the video below. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jx524qhPTgo&t=82s Step 1:  https://www.blogger.com/        Step 2:  Log In with your Email ID and Password. Step 3: Click Create Blog on the top left. Step 4:  Add Title, to be displayed on your main page of