Practical Journalism

Browse and study the  1.  Functions 2.  Vision 3.  The Authority 4.  Divisions of the following organizations and authorities. 1. Radio Pakistan:  http://www.radio.gov.pk/ 2. Pakistan Television:   http://www.ptv.com.pk/ptvCorporate    3. Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) http://pemra.gov.pk/ 4. Frequency Allocation Board (FAB) https://fab.gov.pk/ 5. Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA)            https://www.pta.gov.pk/en 4. Radio Garden :  To have all online/Internet radio stations.   http://radio.garden/search 5. British Broadcasting Company (BBC):  https://www.bbc.com/ 6. Voice of America (VOA): https://www.voanews.com/ 7. Deutsche Welle (DW): https://www.dw.com/en/top-stories/s-9097?redirect=0 *********************************************************************************

 Interview is a    " Focused exchange of questions and answers".         It can be for : Print Media  (Newspaper, magazines, etc.) Electronic Media (Radio/TV) Social Media or New Media  Why Interview? Practicing true journalism by digging out or collecting relevant information from the relevant person on a certain topic. Interviewer : A person who asks for and conducts the interview, usually known as a host. Interviewee:   A person who answers the questions, usually known as a guest. Types of Interview   1:  Information Interview :    In this type, we usually try to get the  facts and figures  about the topic.   2:  Personality (or Portrait ) Interview :    In this kind of interview, we try to explore the  experience and life  of the interviewee, and in such an interview our interviewee is usually a celebrity, or public figure like a politician, popular Radio/TV anchor, sportsperson, educationist, etc.     3:  Opinion Interview:     We often need such interviews t

 Audio File Format  A format to store digital audio (audio recording or audio data) on a computer system . The audio coding formats may be in compressed or uncompressed formats. Uncompressed Audio Formats :   WAV: Waveform audio file format (Wave or Wav) developed by IBM and Microsoft in the late 80s. AIFF: Audio Interchange File Format developed by Apple in the late 80s. Compressed Audio Formats :  Audio compression is performed in two ways: 1. Lossy Compression 2. Lossless Compression Lossy Compressed audio formats are:  MP3 ( MPEG -1 Audio layer 3) or (MPEG - 2 Audio Layer 3) M4A ( MPEG -4 Audio) WMA (Windows Media Audio) AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) ADTS (Audio Data Transport Stream) is  a container format specified by MPEG-4 Part 3 for audio data, intended to be used for audio streaming. AMR (Adaptive Multi-Rate) OGG  Lossless Compression audio formats are:  FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec) ALAC (Apple Lossless Audio Codec) Coding : It is a device or program which  compresses  th